In many applications of machine learning, such as machine learning for medical diagnosis, we would like to have machine learning algorithms that do not memorize sensitive information about the training set, such as the specific medical histories of individual patients. Differential privacy is a framework for measuring the privacy guarantees provided by an algorithm. Through the lens of differential privacy, we can design machine learning algorithms that responsibly train models on private data. Our works (with Martín Abadi, Úlfar Erlingsson, Ilya Mironov, Ananth Raghunathan, Shuang Song and Kunal Talwar) on differential privacy for machine learning have made it very easy for machine learning researchers to contribute to privacy research—even without being an expert on the mathematics of differential privacy. In this blog post, we’ll show you how to do it. Read More
Tag Archives: PATE
Semi-supervised knowledge transfer for deep learning from private training data
Some machine learning applications involve training data that is sensitive, such as the medical histories of patients in a clinical trial. A model may inadvertently and implicitly store some of its training data; careful analysis of the model may therefore reveal sensitive information.To address this problem, we demonstrate a generally applicable approach to providing strong privacy guarantees for training data:Private Aggregation of Teacher Ensembles(PATE). The approach combines, in a black-box fashion, multiple models trained with disjoint datasets, such as records from different subsets of users. Because they rely directly on sensitive data, these models are not published, but instead used as “teachers” for a “student” model. The student learns to predict an output chosen by noisy voting among all of the teachers, and cannot directly access an individual teacher or the underlying data or parameters. The student’s privacy properties can be understood both intuitively (since no single teacher and thus no single dataset dictates the student’s training) and formally, in terms of differential privacy. These properties hold even if an adversary can not only query the student but also inspect its internal workings.Compared with previous work, the approach imposes only weak assumptions on how teachers are trained: it applies to any model, including non-convex models like DNNs. We achieve state-of-the-art privacy/utility trade-offs on MNIST and SVHN thanks to an improved privacy analysis and semi-supervised learning. Read More
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